Question

Which of the following are true statements regarding p-values? (Choose all that apply.)



The p-value represents a tipping point in the sense that for any level smaller than the p-value, our test would fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the data.

The smaller the p-value, the more confidently one can reject the null hypothesis.

The p-value is computed based on the sample that we observe.

One way that scientists and companies have, in some instances, artifically lowered p-values is by specifying the null and alternative hypotheses after observing the data.

Answer 1

not correct

Answer 2

The p-value represents a tipping point in the sense that for any level smaller than the p-value, our test would fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the data. (True)
The smaller the p-value, the more confidently one can reject the null hypothesis. (True)
The p-value is computed based on the sample that we observe. (True)
One way that scientists and companies have, in some instances, artificially lowered p-values is by specifying the null and alternative hypotheses after observing the data. (False)

Answer 3

Apologies for the incorrect response. Here are the correct statements regarding p-values:

The p-value represents a tipping point in the sense that for any level smaller than the p-value, our test would reject the null hypothesis based on the data.

The smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis, and the more confidently one can reject the null hypothesis.

The p-value is computed based on the sample that we observe.

One way that scientists and companies have, in some instances, artificially lowered p-values is by selectively reporting only the statistically significant results or by conducting multiple comparisons without adjusting for the increased chance of false positives.