Q.1.1 Identify and differentiate between the two programming models or paradigms that will be considered for the development effort. Substantiate your answer with examples related to the development of the application required by the sports administrators.
There are two programming models or paradigms that can be considered for the development effort of the application required by the sports administrators: procedural programming and object-oriented programming.
1. Procedural programming: This programming paradigm focuses on writing procedures or functions that perform specific tasks. It follows a step-by-step approach, where each procedure gets executed in a specific order to achieve a desired outcome. In the case of the sports administration application, the developers can create separate procedures for tasks like player registration, scheduling games, approving leave requests, and salary calculations. These procedures will be executed in a sequential manner to ensure the smooth functioning of the application.
Example: A procedural approach would involve creating different functions to handle specific tasks, such as:
- RegisterPlayer(): This function would handle the registration of a new player, collecting their personal details and adding them to the system.
- ScheduleGames(): This function would take care of scheduling upcoming games for the teams, considering factors like opponent, venue, and available players.
- ApproveLeaveRequest(): This function would handle leave requests from players, checking their eligibility, and updating the leave status accordingly.
- CalculateSalary(): This function would determine the salary of players based on various factors, such as the number of matches played and bonuses earned.
2. Object-oriented programming: This programming paradigm focuses on creating objects, which are instances of classes containing both data and functionality. It allows for encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. In the case of the sports administration application, the developers can create classes like Player, Game, Team, and Administrator, each with its own attributes and methods. These classes will interact with each other to achieve the desired functionality.
Example: An object-oriented approach would involve creating classes, such as:
- Player class: This class would have attributes like name, age, position, and methods like applyForLeave(), calculateSalary(), and viewSchedule().
- Game class: This class would have attributes like date, venue, opponent, and methods like scheduleGame() and updateGameStats().
- Team class: This class would represent a team and have attributes like players, coach, and methods like addPlayer(), removePlayer(), and viewTeamStats().
- Administrator class: This class would have methods like login(), approveLeaveRequest(), and generateReports().
Q.1.2 Explain how you will ensure that the application you develop will function as intended before delivering it to the client.
To ensure that the application functions as intended before delivering it to the client, the following steps can be taken:
1. Testing: The application should undergo thorough testing using different test cases to identify and fix any functional or logical errors. Various types of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, and system testing, can be conducted to ensure the application's reliability and correctness.
2. User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Once the development team verifies the application's functionality, it should be handed over to the client for UAT. The client should run the application in their environment, using their data and scenarios, to check if it meets their specific requirements and works as expected.
3. Bug fixing: During the testing and UAT phases, any encountered bugs, glitches, or issues should be reported, documented, and fixed promptly. The development team should collaborate with the client to identify and resolve these issues to ensure a smooth user experience.
4. Documentation: Thorough documentation should be created, including user manuals, technical guides, and FAQs, which provide clear instructions on how to operate the application, troubleshoot common issues, and get the most out of its features.
5. Quality Assurance: An independent quality assurance team can review the application to ensure that it meets the defined standards and that all the required functionalities are implemented correctly.
Q.1.3 Name one tool that you can use to plan the logic for the application to be developed for the sports administrators.
One tool that can be used to plan the logic for the application to be developed for the sports administrators is a flowchart. A flowchart is a graphical representation that uses different shapes and arrows to outline the logical flow of the program. It helps visualize the sequence of steps, decision points, and actions that need to be performed in the application.
Flowcharting tools like Microsoft Visio, Lucidchart, or draw.io can be used to create flowcharts. They provide an easy-to-use interface to drag and drop different shapes and connectors, allowing developers to visualize the application's logic and structure before implementing it.
Q.1.4 Provide an example that will satisfy each of the following requirements.
Q.1.4.1 Provide an example of a variable declaration that will store the number of leave days applied for by a team player.
Example:
int leaveDaysApplied;
In the above example, "leaveDaysApplied" is a variable declaration of type "int" (integer) that will store the number of leave days applied for by a team player.
Q.1.4.2 Assume that the standard rate for a player (in any of the teams) is R75 000 a game. Write down the mathematical expression that will determine the salary for a player based on the number of matches played in a given month. The number of matches will be stored in a variable called “Matches”.
Mathematical Expression:
salary = standardRate * Matches;
In the above example, "salary" is the variable that will store the calculated salary of the player. "standardRate" is a constant value of R75,000 per game. "Matches" is the variable that will store the number of matches played by the player in a given month. The mathematical expression multiplies the standard rate by the number of matches to calculate the salary.
Q.1.4.3 Provide an example of a hierarchy chart that will indicate the following modules as forming part of the application to be developed:
- login()
- schedulePlayer()
- approveLeave()
- determineSalary()
Example Hierarchy Chart:
- Main Module
- login()
- schedulePlayer()
- approveLeave()
- determineSalary()
In the above example, the main module represents the entry point of the application. It includes four sub-modules: "login()", "schedulePlayer()", "approveLeave()", and "determineSalary()". These sub-modules are connected to the main module and depict the logical flow of the application.
Q.1.4.4 State how you will write the following statement as a comment in the application:
"Calculate the player’s salary"
To write the statement as a comment in the application, you can use a programming language's comment syntax. Depending on the programming language used for developing the application, the comment syntax may vary. Below are examples of comment syntax in different programming languages:
- C++/Java:
// Calculate the player's salary
- Python:
# Calculate the player's salary
- JavaScript:
// Calculate the player's salary
In the above examples, "//" and "#" denote single-line comments in different programming languages. The provided statement is written after the comment syntax, which ensures that the statement doesn't affect the execution of the program but provides additional information to developers who read the code.