Transcription is the process in which DNA is used as a template to create RNA. Here is an overview of the process of transcription in eukaryotes:
1. Initiation: Transcription begins with the assembly of the transcription initiation complex. This complex includes the RNA polymerase enzyme, as well as other proteins that help to open up the DNA helix and position the enzyme at the start of the gene to be transcribed.
2. Elongation: After initiation, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand, unwinding the double helix ahead of it and synthesizing a new RNA molecule in the complementary base sequence to the DNA strand. As RNA polymerase moves along, the DNA helix is rewound behind it.
3. Termination: Transcription ends when RNA polymerase reaches the end of the gene or a termination signal in the DNA sequence. After transcription is complete, the RNA molecule is released from the DNA template and is further processed to form a mature RNA molecule.
4. Post-transcriptional modifications: The RNA molecule undergoes a series of modifications, such as the removal of introns (non-coding regions), splicing together of exons (coding regions), 5' capping, and 3' polyadenylation, before it is ready for translation into proteins.
This process is known as gene expression which is the process by which genetic information is used to synthesize RNA and proteins. Gene expression is a complex, tightly regulated process that is essential for the proper development and function of all living organisms.
process of transcription in eukaryotes
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