The draft, or the Selective Service System, had a significant impact on American citizens and their support for the Vietnam War. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of the impact:
1. Expansion of the draft: In December 1969, the draft was expanded to include a larger pool of eligible men, reducing deferments and exemptions. This meant that a greater number of Americans were being conscripted into military service.
2. Unequal burden: The draft was perceived as disproportionately affecting certain segments of society, particularly young, working-class men who were more likely to be drafted. This led to frustration and anger among those directly impacted by the draft.
3. Loss of support and rising opposition: As more Americans were affected by the draft, public support for the Vietnam War declined. The perception that the draft unfairly targeted specific groups, such as racial minorities and the less affluent, contributed to growing opposition to the war.
4. Anti-war protests: The draft played a significant role in fueling the anti-war movement. Large-scale protests were organized across the country, with many participants expressing their opposition to the draft and the war itself.
5. Draft dodging and draft resistance: The draft prompted some Americans to actively resist military service, including draft evasion and conscientious objection. Some individuals chose to flee to Canada or other countries to avoid being drafted, while others publicly refused to serve on moral or political grounds.
6. Impact on families and communities: The draft created anxieties among families as loved ones were sent off to war, potentially impacting their relationships and emotional well-being. Losses suffered in combat heightened the anti-war sentiments within communities, leading to increased resistance and protests.
7. Changes in policy: The public outcry against the draft and the Vietnam War eventually led to policy changes. President Richard Nixon instituted a lottery system in 1969, which randomized the selection process, and by 1973, the draft was suspended, moving to an all-volunteer military system.
Overall, the draft had a profound impact on American citizens and their support for the Vietnam War. Its perceived unfairness and the burden it placed on certain groups contributed to growing opposition and became a catalyst for the anti-war movement during the era.