Question

How is unsafe water related to humans’ health?
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Unsafe water can have a significant impact on human health. It can cause a range of waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and hepatitis A, all of which can cause severe illness and even death. Contaminated water sources may also contain various chemicals, heavy metals, or industrial waste, which may harm our health by causing genetic mutations, organ damage, and even cancer. Moreover, unsafe water can also be a contributing factor to malnutrition, as it’s essential to have clean water for food preparation, hygiene practices, and crop irrigation. In summary, the consumption of contaminated water and lack of access to clean water may lead to a range of health problems and pose a serious threat to human life.
The genetic engineering of crops is a controversial and debated issue in the media and press. Which of the following would be an argument in favor of the genetic engineering of corn?
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improved nutritional content
increased crop yields
reduction of pesticide use
all of these
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All of these could be potential arguments in favor of genetic engineering of corn.
Look at the food web shown below. Which organisms get energy from producers?
squid
zooplankton
sperm whales
phytoplankton
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zooplankton.
Some people have attached ear lobes and some people have free ear lobes. The differences in these traits are caused by
differences in environment.
differences in personality.
differences in diet.
differences in genes.
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The differences in these traits are caused by differences in genes.
Relationships between organisms may be beneficial or detrimental. Which of the following examples shows a relationship in which both organisms benefit?
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A tick attaches itself to the skin of a dog and takes a blood meal.
A female black widow spider Latrodectus mactans mates with a male spider; then, she consumes him.
An African wasp Certolsolen arabicus pollinates a fig tree Ficus sycomorus as it eats the tree's nectar.
A species of hyena known as the aardwolf consumes termites for nourishment.
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An African wasp Certolsolen arabicus pollinates a fig tree Ficus sycomorus as it eats the tree's nectar is an example of a relationship in which both organisms benefit. The wasp benefits by getting food from the fig tree, and the fig tree benefits by getting pollinated by the wasp.
Many animals, including the brittle star and snapping shrimp, make their homes inside sea sponges. Here, the animals not only find safe shelter, but also have a constant flow of well-oxygenated water, and may even eat the substance produced by the sponges. The sponges are not affected in any way by the presence of these animals.Which type of relationship does this represent?
parasitism
predator/prey
mutualism
commensalism
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This represents commensalism, as the animals benefit from the sponges and the sponges are not affected in any way by the presence of these animals.
The Canadian lynx is a large wild cat that lives in the cold regions of Canada. The snowshoe hare is the main prey species that is hunted by the Canadian lynx. The snowshoe hare eats grass, fern, and leaves.If the population of Canadian lynx were to completely disappear, what would most likely happen to the food supply of the snowshoe hare?
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The population of snowshoe hare would decrease, and there would be more food available.
The snowshoe hare would stop eating grass, so there would be less food available.
The snowshoe hare would start eating each other, so the food supply would not be affected.
The population of snowshoe hare would outgrow the food supply, so there would be less food available.
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If the population of Canadian lynx were to completely disappear, then the population of snowshoe hare would most likely increase. Without the predator to hunt them, the hare population would likely grow. As a result, there could be more competition for resources within the snowshoe hare population, and their food supply might eventually become limited. However, initially, there would be more food available for the snowshoe hare.
A new predator is introduced into the ecosystem shown in the food web below. This predator feeds on bees and mice. How will this most likely affect the species in this ecosystem?
There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause an increase the black bear population and a decrease in the fox population.
There will be an increase in bees and mice which will cause an increase in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
There will be an increase in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the black bear population and an increase in the fox population.
There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
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There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the populations of both black bears and foxes. The introduction of a new predator that feeds on bees and mice will cause a decrease in the populations of these prey species. As a result, both the black bear and fox populations may decrease due to a lack of food.
Which of the following is true of a parasitic relationship?
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The parasite benefits, and the host is harmed; however, the host is not generally killed.
The parasite benefits, and the host is killed.
The parasite benefits for a time; however, both the parasite and the host eventually die as a result of the relationship.
The host benefits from the relationship, and the parasite is harmed.
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The parasite benefits, and the host is harmed; however, the host is not generally killed.
Both of Tim's parents have brown eyes, but Tim has blue eyes. How is this possible?
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The characteristic (blue eyes) is carried in a recessive gene.
This characteristic (blue eyes) must be carried in the dominant gene.
Eye color is not a genetic trait.
all of these
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The characteristic (blue eyes) is carried in a recessive gene.
A widow's peak is a V-shaped area of the hairline in the center of the forehead. The allele for having a widow's peak is dominant to the allele for not having a widow's peak.If two parents do not have widow's peaks, what is the probability that their child will have a widow's peak?
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75%
50%
25%
0
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The probability that their child will have a widow's peak is 25%.

Possible genotype of the parents: Ww (heterozygous) x Ww (heterozygous).
There is a 25% chance of their child inheriting a homozygous dominant genotype (WW) and thus expressing the trait of having a widow's peak.
An organism that contains two different alleles for a trait is said to be _______ for that trait.
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recessive
heterozygous
dominant
homozygous
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Heterozygous.
Which of the following is true about genes?
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Genes are responsible for all the traits of an organism.
In humans, genes are passed to an offspring from two parents.
Genes are made up of smaller molecules known as chromosomes.
The genes of a particular organism can never change throughout its lifetime.
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In humans, genes are passed to an offspring from two parents.
Which of the following is a method of reproduction that generally occurs very rapidly?
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hybridizing
sexual
asexual
germination
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Asexual.
Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically _______ to the parents.
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identical
unrelated
similar
opposite
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Similar.
Some redwood trees reproduce both sexually and asexually. Once a tree reaches maturity, it can reproduce with another tree through pollination and fertilization. The tree then disperses thousands of seeds so that some of them might take root. However, a tree can also reproduce asexually. If it falls down, several smaller trees can sprout from its trunk without the need of fertilization.Why is it advantageous for a redwood to reproduce sexually when it could reproduce asexually instead?
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It reduces the need to find a mate.
It increases the energy needed to reproduce.
It increases the genetic diversity of the tree's offspring.
It decreases the time needed to reproduce.
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It increases the genetic diversity of the tree's offspring.
_______ provide evidence that living things evolved from earlier species.
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Historical fictions
Religions
Fossils
Videos of dinosaurs
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Fossils provide evidence that living things evolved from earlier species.
Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
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Pesticides are sprayed in a field, resulting in an increase in crop growth and a decrease in insect population.
Cricket frogs prefer to sleep during the day, while red-eyed tree frogs prefer to sleep during the night.
To produce a more desirable fruit, a farmer crosses a tree that produces sweet oranges with a tree that produces large oranges.
Rabbits with a mutation for longer, thicker fur survive an unusually cold winter, while many normal rabbits do not survive.
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Rabbits with a mutation for longer, thicker fur survive an unusually cold winter, while many normal rabbits do not survive is an example of natural selection. They were better adapted/mutated to survive in a new/different environment (cold winter) which allowed them to survive and reproduce where others without the mutation couldn't.
Evolution is a
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theory because it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning.
prediction because it makes an educated guess about events that will occur in the future
variable because it is a factor that can be changed during experimentation.
law because it has been proven without exception under certain stated conditions.
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Theory because it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning.
Diagram 1 shows the fossilized remains of the lower portion of a camel's leg. Each subsequent diagram shows the same portion of a camel's leg, but the diagrams are from progressively later time periods. Diagram 4 shows the most recent fossil. These diagrams demonstrate
how fossil evidence cannot be used to support evolution.
that all living organisms have increased in size over time.
how fossil evidence can be used to show the evolution of a species over time.
that modern camels have more toes than earlier species of camels.
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These diagrams demonstrate how fossil evidence can be used to show the evolution of a species over time. The diagrams show the same portion of a camel's leg from progressively later time periods, indicating the changes that occurred in the species over time.
There are approximately 200 species of mice that live all over the world. Deer mice are a particular species of mice that prefer to live in forests, prairies, and fields. It has been observed that deer mice that live in trees tend to have longer tails because they use their tails for balance. Deer mice that live in prairies and fields tend to have shorter tails so they are less likely to be caught when running away from predators. If a forest fire occurred in an ecosystem eliminating the majority of the trees and short-tailed mice are naturally selected over long-tailed mice, the evolution of the mice can be primarily attributed to
genetic engineering.
selective breeding.
environmental factors.
human impact.
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Environmental factors. The change in tails of deer mice in response to their specific environments is a result of natural selection, which is driven by environmental factors. If the environment changes, the selection pressures can change, leading to changes in the characteristics of the population of the species.
Cheetahs are one example of a population that has very limited genetic variation.Which of the following groups of animals are most likely to have a limited variety in the genetics of their population?
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animals that live on more than one continent
animals that have a very large population
animals that live in both hot and cold climates
animals on the endangered species list
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Animals on the endangered species list are most likely to have a limited variety in the genetics of their population. When a species is endangered, its population size decreases, which can result in limited genetic variation and increased genetic drift. Additionally, inbreeding becomes more common, further limiting genetic variation.
What genetic factor is most likely to result in the extinction of an entire species?
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a lack of genetic variety in the population
a genetic defect in a few members of the population
a genetic resistance against many diseases
a lot of genetic variety in a population
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A lack of genetic variety in the population is most likely to result in the extinction of an entire species. Limited genetic variation can make it difficult for a population to adapt to changing environmental conditions or resist diseases, making them more vulnerable to extinction.
Coyotes primarily feed on small mammals, such as rabbits, squirrels, birds, and mice. Many of these prey try to escape from coyotes by burrowing into the ground. Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be naturally selected to increase a coyote population's chances for survival over time?
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sharper claws that aid in digging
blunt teeth that can be used for grinding
lighter colored fur that reflects light
smaller ears that are less sensitive to noise
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Sharper claws that aid in digging are most likely to be naturally selected to increase a coyote population's chances for survival over time. The ability to dig and burrow can help coyotes catch their small mammal prey, which can improve their chances for survival over time. Therefore, any characteristic or adaptation that improves their digging ability, like sharper claws, would be favored by natural selection.
Over time, the climate of a region becomes cooler. How will this most likely affect the species living in that region?
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Some species that already have or that develop cold-weather adaptations through natural selection will survive, while species without cold-weather adaptations may go extinct.
All of the current species living in the region will migrate to warmer areas, while species adapted to cold-weather climates will migrate into the region.
All of the current species living in the area will become extinct, and new species better adapted to the climate will form and populate the region.
Most of the current species living in the area will develop beneficial mutations, which will lead to adaptations that help them survive in the new climate.
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Some species that already have or that develop cold-weather adaptations through natural selection will survive, while species without cold-weather adaptations may go extinct.

As the climate of a region becomes cooler, the existing species that have the ability to adapt and develop cold-weather adaptations are more likely to survive while others that are not adapted to the environment may go extinct.
Small differences between parents and offspring accumulate over time. This process
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prevents parents from being able to care for their offspring.
makes it impossible for species to adapt to changes in their environment.
results in only one type of organism that has the exact same characteristics as its ancestors.
results in many different types of organisms with different characteristics from their ancestors.
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Results in many different types of organisms with different characteristics from their ancestors.

Small differences between parents and offspring that accumulate over time can lead to genetic diversity and the development of new characteristics or traits in the offspring. This can result in new species with different characteristics from their ancestors and lead to the diversity of life we see today.
Many sponges can reproduce asexually. Ladybugs, on the other hand, reproduce sexually. When small bits of a sponge are broken off—often by currents or by predators—they can float to new regions and regenerate as new sponges. A ladybug must find a mate before it can reproduce.One disadvantage of the sponge's method of reproduction is that
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it requires more energy.
its offspring have little genetic diversity.
its offspring have greater genetic diversity.
it must devote a greater portion of its life cycle to reproduction.
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One disadvantage of the sponge's method of reproduction is that its offspring have little genetic diversity.

Since sponges reproduce asexually, their offspring are essentially clones of the parent sponge and have the same genetic material as the parent. This can limit the ability of the population to adapt to changing environmental conditions or resist diseases, making them more vulnerable to extinction.
A potato plant can reproduce asexually so that one potato can often give rise to many other potatoes. Strawberry plants can reproduce sexually.A potato plant puts a large amount of its energy into growing a tuber, which is the part that humans eat. The tuber can grow large and provide energy for the plant during the winter, or it can be used to grow new potato plants. A strawberry plant, on the other hand, puts much of its energy into growing flowers to attract insects that aid in pollination. After fertilization, the strawberry plant must then also grow seeds as well as fruit to attract animals that disperse the seeds.Based on this information, the asexually reproducing potato plant most likely devotes _______ to reproduction than the sexually reproducing strawberry plant.
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more energy
fewer spores
less energy
more seeds
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More energy.

The asexually reproducing potato plant puts most of its energy into growing the tuber, which serves as a means of reproduction. On the other hand, the sexually reproducing strawberry plant puts much of its energy into growing flowers to attract pollinators, and then seeds and fruit to attract seed dispersers. Therefore, the potato plant is likely to devote more energy to reproduction than the strawberry plant.
If there were no decomposers, which of the following would most likely happen?
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Some plants might die due to a shortage of important nutrients.
The amount of dead plant and animal matter would decrease.
Plants and animals would remain living for a longer period of time.
Animals would start carrying out photosynthesis.
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Some plants might die due to a shortage of important nutrients is the most likely scenario if there were no decomposers.

Decomposers play a crucial role in breaking down dead plant and animal matter, releasing nutrients back into the soil where they can be taken up by plants. Without decomposers, the nutrient cycle would be disrupted, leading to a shortage of important nutrients for plants to grow, which could ultimately result in some plants dying.
The image below shows an aquatic food web. Which of the following describes how energy is transferred between the algae and the crustacean?
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The algae and the crustacean both transfer energy to each other.
Energy is transferred from the crustacean to the algae.
Energy is transferred from the algae to the crustacean.
Energy is not transferred between the algae and the crustacean.
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Energy is transferred from the algae to the crustace