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Fibonacci sequence
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The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers. The sequence starts with 0, 1, and then continues as follows: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, and so on.

The sequence is named after Leonardo Fibonacci, an Italian mathematician who introduced the sequence to the Western world in his book Liber Abaci, which he wrote in 1202. However, the sequence had been discovered earlier in India.

The Fibonacci sequence appears in many aspects of nature, such as the patterns of leaves on a stem, the arrangement of seeds in a sunflower, the branching of trees, and even in the spiral patterns of galaxies. The ratio of each adjacent pair of numbers in the sequence approaches the "golden ratio," which is approximately 1.618.

The Fibonacci sequence also has many mathematical properties and applications. It is used in computer algorithms, financial analysis, and various areas of science and engineering.