Question

How does the HMGA2 gene demonstrate that natural selection occurred in Darwin's finches?

Answer 1

The HMGA2 gene in Darwin's finches is responsible for beak morphology, which is a critical adaptation that allows the birds to survive and reproduce on their respective islands. Natural selection has occurred in the finches because of the variations in the HMGA2 gene, which have resulted in different beak shapes and sizes in different populations of finches. The variations in the gene are likely due to the influence of selective pressures such as the availability of food, which differs on different islands. Finches with beaks that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing their genetic traits on to their offspring. The HMGA2 gene variation and its impact on beak morphology provide a clear example of how natural selection has acted on the Darwin's finch populations.