how to replicate DNA?

Answer 1

DNA replication is the process by which a cell copies its DNA prior to cell division. Here are the steps involved in DNA replication:

1. The double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and the two strands separate.
2. An enzyme called helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs, thus opening up the double helix.
3. Once the two strands are unwound, another enzyme called DNA polymerase comes in and begins to assemble a new complementary strand for each of the original strands.
4. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing strand in a 5’ to 3’ direction, taking nucleotides from the free-floating nucleotides in the cell’s nucleus. It uses the original DNA strand as a template and adds nucleotides complementary to the original strand (A with T, and G with C).
5. The new strands formed are complementary to the original strands, resulting in two identical strands of DNA.
6. The two new identical DNA strands form a double helix.
7. The replication is complete and the cell is ready to go through mitosis, during which the replicated DNA will be passed on to the daughter cells.

In conclusion, DNA replication involves the separation of the original double strand and the creation of two new strands, each matching the original strand, using enzymes and free-floating nucleotides. The end result is two identical DNA molecules.