Dialogue can help advance the plot of a story in the following ways:
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It illustrates how one character motivates another. - Through dialogue, characters express their intentions, desires, and motivations, which can drive the plot forward as they influence each other's actions and decisions.
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It provides the reader with background information. - Dialogue can be an effective tool for exposition, allowing characters to share relevant history or context that enhances the reader's understanding of the situation, thus moving the plot along.
While the other options may have their merits, the most direct ways dialogue advances the plot are through character motivations and providing necessary background information.