2 sentences each

Question

Identify Central Ideas Why did the English colonies have a large degree of self-government? (p.155)

Compare and Contrast How did capitalism, or ‘free enterprise’, differ from the medieval guild system? (p.168)

Identify What are the characteristics of an absolute monarchy? (p.181)

Answer 1

Identify Central Ideas: Why did the English colonies have a large degree of self-government?
The English colonies enjoyed a large degree of self-government due to the geographical distance from England, which made it difficult for the British government to impose direct control. Additionally, the colonists established their own legislative assemblies, allowing them to create laws and manage local affairs, fostering a sense of independence and self-determination.

Compare and Contrast: How did capitalism, or ‘free enterprise’, differ from the medieval guild system?
Capitalism, or 'free enterprise', is characterized by individual ownership and competition in the marketplace, allowing for innovation and economic growth, while the medieval guild system was a regulated structure that limited production to established members within a craft or trade. In capitalism, prices are determined by supply and demand, whereas the guild system maintained fixed standards and prices set by collective agreements among its members.

Identify: What are the characteristics of an absolute monarchy?
An absolute monarchy is defined by a single ruler who holds complete and unrestricted power, often justified by divine right or hereditary succession. In this system, the monarch is not subject to laws or legislative authority, and their decrees are the ultimate source of governance, leaving little room for political dissent or public participation.

Answer 2

Summarize Why did Charles V divide the Hapsburg Empire? (p.182)

Identify Cause and Effect How did Louis’s actions weaken the French economy? (p.188)

Identify Cause and Effect What were some effects of the Peace of Westphalia? (p.191)

Answer 3

Summarize: Why did Charles V divide the Hapsburg Empire?
Charles V divided the Hapsburg Empire to ensure more effective governance and to respond to the challenges presented by the growing demands of his extensive territories. By relinquishing control to his brother Ferdinand and his son Philip II, he aimed to maintain stability and control in both the Holy Roman Empire and Spain, mitigating the complexities of managing such vast domains.

Identify Cause and Effect: How did Louis’s actions weaken the French economy?
Louis XIV's extravagant spending on wars and the construction of the Palace of Versailles placed a severe financial burden on the French economy. His policies, including heavy taxation to fund these expenses, led to public dissatisfaction and weakened the economic foundation of France, contributing to social unrest.

Identify Cause and Effect: What were some effects of the Peace of Westphalia?
The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, resulted in the recognition of the sovereignty of individual states, marking a shift in the political landscape of Europe. Additionally, it led to the decline of Habsburg influence, the strengthening of France, and the establishment of a balance of power that would shape European relations for centuries to come.

Answer 4

Categorize What policies did Peter use to solidify his control over the nobles? (p.194)

Describe How did European nations maintain a balance of power? (p.197)

Answer 5

Categorize: What policies did Peter use to solidify his control over the nobles?
Peter the Great employed several policies to solidify his control over the nobles, including the establishment of the Table of Ranks, which created a system where nobles were rewarded based on their service to the state rather than their hereditary status. Additionally, he forced nobles to adopt Western customs and practices, including changes in dress and social behavior, which helped to centralize his authority and reduce their independence.

Describe: How did European nations maintain a balance of power?
European nations maintained a balance of power through a series of alliances and treaties aimed at preventing any one nation from becoming too strong. Diplomatic marriages, military coalitions, and strategic partnerships were commonly used to ensure that power was distributed among multiple nations, thereby promoting stability and deterring aggression.