2. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
a. Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, providing structural support; animal cells do not have a cell wall and are more flexible.
b. Chloroplasts: Plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, allowing them to convert sunlight into energy; animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
c. Vacuoles: Plant cells typically have a large central vacuole that stores substances and helps maintain turgor pressure; animal cells may have small vacuoles but they are not as prominent.
d. Shape: Plant cells often have a regular, rectangular shape due to the cell wall, whereas animal cells tend to have irregular and varied shapes.
13. Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
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Nucleus: Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus; their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus that contains their DNA.
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Size: Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller (typically 0.1 to 5 micrometers in diameter) compared to eukaryotic cells, which are larger (typically 10 to 100 micrometers in diameter).
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Organelles: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess various organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
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Reproduction: Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually through binary fission, while eukaryotic cells can reproduce asexually or sexually, often through mitosis and meiosis.
14. Identify Whether Each Cell is Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
A. Eukaryotic
Explanation: This cell has a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
B. Prokaryotic
Explanation: This cell lacks a true nucleus and does not have membrane-bound organelles.
C. Eukaryotic
Explanation: This cell contains a nucleus and complex organelles, indicating it is eukaryotic.
D. Prokaryotic
Explanation: This cell appears simple without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, characteristic of prokaryotic cells.
(Note: The specific identification and explanation would require visual confirmation of the cells, hence I provided general interpretations that would apply based on the known characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.)