differences and similarities that can be identified on the basis of technology as an external determinant of the various education systems – South Africa, Ethiopia and Nigeria as developing countries.

Answer 1

Differences:
1. South Africa has a higher level of technological advancement as compared to Ethiopia and Nigeria. This is reflected in the higher number of internet users, mobile phone users, and broadband penetration rate.
2. Ethiopia and Nigeria have a larger rural population with limited access to technology as compared to South Africa, where the majority of the population is urbanized.
3. The education system in South Africa is more technology-driven than Ethiopia and Nigeria, with more emphasis on e-learning and digital resources.
4. South Africa has a higher number of universities and research institutions that are actively involved in research and development of new technologies in education, while Ethiopia and Nigeria have fewer such institutions.

Similarities:
1. All three countries face challenges of inadequate infrastructure, limited access to technology, and low levels of digital literacy, which affect the integration of technology in education.
2. The use of technology is still in its early stages in these developing countries, and there is a need for more investment in technology infrastructure and capacity building.
3. The governments of these countries have recognized the importance of technology in education, and there are policies and programs in place to promote its use in the education sector.
4. Despite the challenges, all three countries are making efforts to integrate technology into their education systems, with initiatives such as setting up e-learning centers, providing digital resources and tools, and promoting online learning.

Answer 2

an external determinant influences the education systems of South Africa, Ethiopia and Nigeria as developing countries.

Answer 3

One external determinant that influences the education systems of South Africa, Ethiopia, and Nigeria as developing countries is funding. These countries heavily rely on external funding from international donors and organizations to support their education systems due to limited government budgets.

The availability, levels, and conditions of funding affect the quality and accessibility of education in these countries. For example, if funding is low, schools may lack resources such as textbooks, computers, and laboratories, which can negatively impact students' education. Additionally, funding conditions such as donor-imposed policies and priorities can redirect education resources and priorities, affecting the quality and direction of the education system.

Furthermore, funding also influences teacher quality, as lower salaries and lack of training opportunities can lead to inadequate teacher recruitment and retention, which can further exacerbate the challenges faced by education systems in these countries.

Overall, funding is a crucial external determinant that influences the education systems of South Africa, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. Through increased funding levels and more favorable funding conditions, these countries can improve the quality and accessibility of education, ultimately leading to better educational outcomes for their citizens and sustainable development.