The two layers that surround the sun's innermost layer are the photosphere and the chromosphere.
To identify these layers, we can gather information about the structure of the sun. The sun can be divided into several layers based on its composition and characteristics. The innermost layer, which is the core, is the region where nuclear fusion reactions occur, producing immense amounts of energy.
1. The photosphere is the visible surface of the sun. It is the layer through which we can observe the sun's light and heat. The photosphere is responsible for emitting most of the sun's visible light. It has an average temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius. Observing the sun through a solar filter or using special telescopes designed for solar observations can help identify the photosphere.
2. Surrounding the photosphere is the chromosphere, which is a thin layer of hot and tenuous gas. It can be observed during a total solar eclipse as a pinkish/red ring around the sun. The chromosphere has a temperature of approximately 6,000 to 20,000 degrees Celsius and contains structures like spicules and prominences.
By studying the sun's structure and characteristics using various scientific methods, including observing its visible surface and analyzing its spectrum, scientists have been able to identify these two layers surrounding the sun's innermost layer.