When formaldehyde (H2C(OH)2) is mixed with chlorine bleach (NaClO), a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction can be summarized as follows:
2 H2C(OH)2 + 2 NaClO → 2 HCOONa + 2 H2O + 2 NaOH
In this reaction, formaldehyde reacts with sodium hypochlorite (the active ingredient in chlorine bleach) to produce sodium formate (HCOONa), water (H2O), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
To better understand the reaction, let's break it down step by step:
1. First, the formaldehyde molecule (H2C(OH)2) reacts with the sodium hypochlorite molecule (NaClO). The oxygen in the sodium hypochlorite molecule acts as a nucleophile, attacking the carbon atom in formaldehyde.
2. As a result of this attack, one of the oxygen atoms in the sodium hypochlorite molecule bonds with the carbon atom in formaldehyde. This forms a bond between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom, while the other oxygen atom (originally from sodium hypochlorite) becomes a hydroxide ion (OH-).
3. On the other hand, the hydrogen atoms originally in formaldehyde bond with the remaining sodium and chlorine atoms from sodium hypochlorite to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
4. Lastly, water is produced as a byproduct of the reaction.
It's essential to note that this reaction can be potentially dangerous due to the formation of sodium hydroxide, which is a strong base. Sodium hydroxide can cause chemical burns or be harmful if ingested or inhaled. Additionally, the reaction may release toxic gases such as chlorine gas under certain conditions.
Therefore, it's crucial to exercise caution when working with these substances and ensure proper ventilation and personal protective equipment are used.