The most likely cause of the trend shown in the graph, which indicates a significant increase in the number of manufacturing workers from 1850 to 1900, is:
B. the growth of industrialization and the development of factories.
This option directly relates to the rise in manufacturing jobs during this period, as industrialization led to more factories and increased demand for workers. While immigration (option A) also played a role, the primary driver of the increase in manufacturing workers was the overall industrial growth in the United States.