A and B are points on the parallel of latitude 58.4N their longitudes being 148W and 32E respectively.What is their distance apart (a)along the parallel of latitude (b)along a great circle

3 answers

earth radius is about 6,378.* 10^3 meters or about 3,440 nautical miles. You do not say which you want so I will use nautical miles (60 nm = 1 degrees on a great circle)
so what is the radius of a circle parallel to the equator at 58.4 N?
r = R cos (latitude angle) = 3,440 * cos 58.4 = 1802.5 nm
so our distance along that 58.4 parallel is
1802.5 * 2 pi * (148+32)/360
but note that 148+32 = 180, so halfway around :)
so 1802.5 * 3.14 = 5660 nautical miles
Now the spherical geometry thing
we need to draw lines from the center of the earth to these two points and find the angle between those lines at the center.
BUT
they are 180 degrees apart in longitude
so if you look up at them from the center of a transparent earth the great circle goes right over the north pole :)
therefore we go (90 - 58.4) up and the same down
so 2 * 31.6 = 63.2 degrees around great circle
63.2 * 60 nm /degree = 3,792 nautical miles
Put your winter boots on and do it over the pole, not around that constant latitude.
This by the way is why ships (like the Titanic) between Europe and N America end up traveling much further North than their starting point or their finish point.
And do not try it tonight. The wind is shaking the house and I can hear the waves crashing on the breakwater down at the Cove.