18. An elevated urine microalbumin is a diagnostic indication of early kidney damage or dysfunction, particularly related to diabetes or hypertension.
19. Proteinuria can be classified as either glomerular or tubular, depending on the origin and location of the problem.
20. Five common causes of proteinuria include kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, urinary tract infections, and certain medications.
21. Glycosuria is caused by a pathological increase in blood glucose levels, leading to the presence of excess glucose in the urine.
22. Ketonuria is caused by the breakdown of fatty acids, leading to the production and excretion of ketone bodies in the urine. This often occurs in conditions such as diabetes or during periods of fasting.
23. No, a negative dip stick for nitrites does not rule out a urinary tract infection (UTI). Nitrites are only produced by some bacteria, so a negative result does not exclude the possibility of an infection caused by other microorganisms.
24. A nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) can be used to diagnose a Chlamydia infection resulting in pyuria. This test amplifies and detects the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of the bacteria.
25. Elevated urobilinogen levels can be caused by conditions such as liver disease, hemolytic anemia, and certain medications.
26. Clean catch urine specimens from female patients are frequently contaminated by epithelial cells from the genital area, which can introduce bacteria and affect the accuracy of the results.
27. Calcium oxalate crystals appear as small, colorless and elongated structures with pointed ends. They can resemble an envelope or a picket fence when viewed under a microscope.
28. Uric acid crystals appear as yellow or amber-colored, diamond-shaped crystals with sharp edges. They may also appear as prisms or needles under a microscope.
18. What diagnostic information can be obtained by an elevated urine microalbumin? 19. Proteinuria can be classified as or 20. What are 5 common causes of proteinuria? 21. What causes glycosuria? 22. What causes ketonuria? 23. Does a negative dip stick for nitrites rule out a UTI? 24. What urinary test could possibly diagnose a Chlamydia infection resulting in pyuria? 25. What can elevate a patient's urobilinogen level? What can cause a decrease in a patient's urobilinogen level? 26. Clean catch urine specimens from female patients are frequently contaminated by 27. Describe the appearance of calcium oxalate crystals. 28. Describe the appearance of uric acid crystals.
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