Here are the correct matches and answers for your questions:
18. Match each term to its correct description.
- Concentration: c. The amount of one substance in a certain volume of another substance.
- Saturated Solution: a. A solution with as much dissolved solute as it can hold at a given temperature. No more solute can be dissolved.
- Unsaturated Solution: b. A solution that holds less solute than is possible at a given temperature. More solute can dissolve.
- Supersaturated Solution: d. A heated solution that holds more dissolved solute than is possible at a lower temperature.
19. A rocket has a mass of 0.8 kg and an engine that provides 100 N of force. A second rocket is being designed to use the same engine but accelerate at half the rate of the first rocket. What is the mass of the second rocket?
The first rocket's acceleration (a) can be found using Newton's second law (F = ma):
\[ a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{100 \text{ N}}{0.8 \text{ kg}} = 125 \text{ m/s}^2 \]
The second rocket will have an acceleration of:
\[ \frac{125 \text{ m/s}^2}{2} = 62.5 \text{ m/s}^2 \]
Using the same force (100 N), find the mass (m) of the second rocket:
\[ m = \frac{F}{a} = \frac{100 \text{ N}}{62.5 \text{ m/s}^2} = 1.6 \text{ kg} \]
Answer: b. 1.6 kg
20. Looking at the periodic table, determine the number of valence electrons present in Phosphorous (P).
Answer: a. 5 valence electrons
21. Which of the following would be a situation with unbalanced forces?
Answer: a. Two people pulling on the same side of a wheelbarrow (since they are not opposing each other, this creates unbalanced force)
22. The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.8 m/s². How much would an object with a mass of 16 kg weigh on Mars?
Weight (W) is calculated using the formula:
\[ W = m \cdot g \]
Where:
- m = mass (16 kg)
- g = acceleration due to gravity (3.8 m/s²)
\[ W = 16 \text{ kg} \cdot 3.8 \text{ m/s}^2 = 60.8 \text{ N} \]
Answer: b. 61 N (rounded)
23. The table shows the acceleration due to gravity on four different planets. What planet is a person standing on if the person has a mass of 85.0 kg and weighs 305 N?
Using the weight formula (W = m * g), we can find the acceleration due to gravity:
\[ g = \frac{W}{m} = \frac{305 \text{ N}}{85.0 \text{ kg}} \approx 3.59 \text{ m/s}^2 \]
This matches Mars.
Answer: a. Mercury
24. Match the following terms to the correct element.
- Sulfur (S): b. 6 valence electrons
- Sodium (Na): c. 1 valence electron
- Calcium (Ca): a. 4th period
- Carbon (C): d. 4th group
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