The difference between #4 and #5 is that #4, he read the book for five days, meaning that he could have started reading the book and five days later, he stopped reading and he didn't finish it. And #5 he finished it within 5 days. Does that make sense? And yes, #5 and #6 mean the same.
Also, #1 and #2 don't make sense.
1. He finished the project for five days.
2. He has finished the project for five days.
3. He read the book for five days.
4. He has read the book for five days.
[Are the four sentences all grammatical?}
5. He read the book in five days.
6. He finished reading the book in five days.
[What is the difference between #4 and #5? Does #5 mean #6?]
2 answers
chicken is right. Did you read the definition of the world "for' that I posted for you? What do you not understand?