Here are the answers to your questions:
16. Which Greek tyrant became popular by giving land to landless farmers?
Answer: Pisistratus was the Greek tyrant known for his policies that benefitted landless farmers by providing them with land, which helped him gain popularity among the lower classes of Athenian society.
17. Which of these did the Mycenaeans learn from the Minoans?
Answer: The Mycenaeans learned various aspects including trade, art, and religious practices from the Minoans. They adopted Minoan writing (Linear A), advanced pottery techniques, and architectural styles.
18. A 300-year period of time in Greece beginning around 1100.
Answer: This period is known as the Greek Dark Ages, which lasted from roughly 1100 to 800 BC, marked by a decline in population and literacy following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization.
19. The Athenian assembly appointed ten generals who
Answer: The Athenian assembly appointed ten generals who were responsible for military strategy and leadership. Each year, the assembly elected commanders known as "strategoi," who could be re-elected for multiple terms.
20. How was Sparta finally able to defeat Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War?
Answer: Sparta was able to defeat Athens largely due to its alliance with Persia, which provided financial resources to build a powerful navy, as well as a successful strategy that included cutting off Athenian supply lines and ultimately besieging the city.
21. According to the chart, which best describes who has the right to vote in the United States today?
Answer: Generally, in the United States today, the right to vote is extended to all citizens over the age of 18, regardless of race, gender, or economic status, although there may be restrictions such as for felons in some states.
22. Which example from the chart best illustrates that the United States has a representative democracy and not a direct democracy?
Answer: An example that illustrates the United States as a representative democracy is the fact that citizens elect representatives (such as senators and members of the House of Representatives) to make decisions and pass laws on their behalf, rather than voting on every single law or policy directly.
23. According to the chart, Athenian laws were
Answer: Athenian laws were known for being written down and publicly displayed, which allowed citizens to know the laws and hold each other accountable, contrasting with earlier norms where laws were spoken and often open to interpretation.
24. Why did Athens need to trade with other city-states and colonies, and what products did they trade with?
Answer: Athens traded because it lacked sufficient agricultural land to support its population. They traded pottery, olive oil, and wine in exchange for grain, timber, metal, and other raw materials.
25. What were some of Solon’s great reforms in Athens?
Answer: Solon’s reforms included the cancellation of debts (shaking off burdens), the establishment of a new legal code, the reorganization of the Athenian classes based on wealth rather than birth, and the expansion of citizenship rights to more people, thereby reducing aristocratic power.
26. Compare the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta, their people and their achievements. Which one had the most lasting effect on Greece?
Answer:
- Athens: Known for its democratic government, advancements in arts, philosophy, drama, and architecture (like the Parthenon). It valued education, intellectual achievements, and cultural development.
- Sparta: Highly militaristic with a focus on discipline and strength. Spartan society was centered around its formidable army and rigorous training (Agoge).
In terms of lasting effect, Athens is often considered to have had a more enduring influence due to its contributions to democracy, philosophy, and the arts, which laid the groundwork for Western civilization. However, Sparta's emphasis on military power also shaped Greek history, especially in the context of warfare and discipline.