Question

1. I put my many books on the desk.
2. I put many books of mine on the desk.

3. I bought the many books at the book store.

4. I don't have any those books.
5. What those books do you have?
6. What many books do you want?
7. These many books are valuable.
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Are they all ungrammatical sentences? Which ones are grammatical? Where can I get information about these matters?

Answer 1

Corrected:

1. I put many books on the desk.
2. I put many books of mine on the desk.
3. I bought many books at the book store.
4. I don't have any of those books.
5. Which of those books do you have?
6. How many books do you want?
7. These books are valuable.

There may be some explanations here that help you:
http://learnersdictionary.com/qa/When-to-Use-Many-and-Many-of-