The correct answer is A) The differential heating of land and sea by the Sun results in the movement of air.
To explain how this happens, during the day, land heats up faster than the sea because land has a lower heat capacity. This causes the air above the land to warm up and rise, creating a low-pressure area. At the same time, the sea remains relatively cooler, resulting in high pressure over the water.
Air moves from areas of high pressure to low pressure, so the air over the sea flows towards the land, creating a sea breeze. This breeze is typically cooler than the surrounding land due to the sea's lower temperatures.
At night, the situation reverses. The land cools down more rapidly than the sea, causing the air to cool and sink, creating high pressure. The sea, which retains heat for a longer period, remains warmer, resulting in low pressure over the water.
As a result, the air flows from the land towards the sea, creating a land breeze. Land breezes are typically cooler than sea breezes because the land loses heat quickly.
Therefore, the primary cause of both land and sea breezes is the differential heating of land and sea by the Sun.