1. Did you know? + Where did he go?

2. Did you know where he went?
3. Did you know where he had gone?
(Which one is similat to #1?)

4. Do you know? + Can he play the guitar?
5. Do you know if he can play the guitar.
(Are both the same?)

6. Do you think? He can play the guitar.
7. Do you think if/whether he can play the guitar?
8. Do you think he can play the guitar?
(Is #2 not correct? #6 can be changed into #8, right?)

1 answer

Both 2 and 3 mean about the same as 1. The difference in tenses indicates the time when he was gone: in 2, where he went and was at the same time as "Did"; in 3, where he went at a time definitely previous to "Did."

4 and 5 are the same, yes.

6 and 8 are the same. 7 is incorrect.