Question

I am not asking for an answer, I´m
just requiring some help to understand the following problem:

How are graphs of the functions
obtained from the graph of f?

a. y= -f(x)
b. y= 2f (x) -1
c. y= f(x-3) +2

Answer 1

remember f(x) is just another name for the y value of a function

so y = -f(x) means that whatever the y value was of the original function, in - f(x) it is simply the opposite. Thus you have a reflection in the x-axis

y = 2 f(x) - 1
we are stretching the y value by a factor of 2, then subtracting 1 from that
e.g. y = 5 ----> 10-1 = 9
y = -6 ----> -12-1 = -13

y = f(x-3) + 2
the original value of f(x) is moved horizontally 3 units to the right, then moved up 2