Malic acid is a crystalline acid released upon the disintegration of the neck, ventral canal cell and neck canal cell of the archegonium during fertilization in the gametophyte stage. Once released, the acid attracts the near-by chemo-tactic antherozoids towards itself which then results in a number of antherozoids (not all) entering the antheridium, out of which only one fuse with the antherdium to form a zygote.
Though there are a great number of archegonium present in the prothallus, only one is fertilized.
what is the role of malic acid in the reproduction of fern plant
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