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13. Reasons for South Carolina's Transition from a Proprietary Colony to a Royal Colony: South Carolina transitioned from a proprietary colony to a royal colony in 1729 for several reasons. First, there were ongoing political and social conflicts among the proprietors, which led to instability in governance. Additionally, the colony faced economic challenges and conflicts with Indigenous peoples that the proprietors struggled to manage effectively. The British Crown ultimately decided to take direct control to ensure more efficient administration and to enhance the colony's revenue and security.
14. Basic Differences between the Lowcountry and Backcountry of SC during Colonial Times:
- Geography: The Lowcountry, located along the coast, featured fertile soil and access to water bodies, while the Backcountry was more hilly and rugged, with less arable land.
- Economy: The Lowcountry was characterized by plantation agriculture, particularly rice and indigo, which relied heavily on enslaved labor. In contrast, the Backcountry had a more subsistence economy, with smaller farms and mixed agriculture.
- Population: The Lowcountry had a denser population, primarily of wealthy plantation owners and enslaved Africans, whereas the Backcountry had a more dispersed population comprising small farmers and frontiersmen.
- Social Structure: The Lowcountry's social structure was hierarchical, dominated by wealthy plantation owners, while the Backcountry had a more egalitarian social structure with more opportunities for upward mobility among settlers.
15. The Stono Rebellion and Subsequent Impacts: The Stono Rebellion, which occurred in 1739, was one of the largest slave uprisings in colonial America, where enslaved Africans in South Carolina rebelled against their masters in an attempt to escape to Spanish Florida, where they sought freedom. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of many participants and led to harsher slave codes and increased restrictions on enslaved individuals, as the colonial government sought to prevent future revolts.
9. Crucial Crop for the Development of English Colonies in North America: Tobacco was the crucial crop for the development of English colonies in North America, serving as a primary export that fueled the economy, especially in Virginia and the Carolinas.
10. Population Concentration in the Coastal Zone/Low Country during Colonial Times: The Coastal Zone/Low Country of South Carolina had the greatest population during colonial times partly due to the economic opportunities provided by plantation agriculture. The fertile land and favorable climate allowed for the cultivation of lucrative cash crops, which attracted settlers and enslaved laborers, leading to a densely populated area. Additionally, the proximity to trade routes and ports facilitated commerce and transportation.