I arrived at the answer based on the definitions of "majority" and "plurality" in the context of group decision-making or opinions:
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Majority: This term refers to a situation where a choice, opinion, or position is supported by more than half (50%) of the members of a group. Therefore, the statement:
- A. a majority is a position held by more than half the group is true.
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Plurality: This term describes a situation where an option receives more votes or support than any other single option but does not achieve a majority (i.e., it could have less than half of the total votes). Thus, the statement:
- D. a plurality is a position held by less than half of the group but still the most popular position is also true.
The two incorrect statements are:
- B. a plurality is a position held by more than half the group: This is incorrect because a plurality does not require more than half; it only needs to have the highest number compared to other options.
- C. a majority is a position held by less than half of the group: This is also incorrect because a majority must exceed half of the group.
These definitions are widely accepted in fields such as political science, sociology, and group decision-making, allowing me to accurately evaluate the statements provided in your question.