Question

Which of the following is most consistent with findings from research on how becoming a parent relates to happiness?

There is an increase in parents' happiness levels just around the time of childbirth that gets larger for each successive child.

There is no systematic relationship between becoming a parent and happiness.

Becoming a parent is associated with an initial increase in happiness followed by a decrease in happiness back to, or sometimes dipping below, pre-parenthood happiness levels.

Later in life, adults who never became parents are slightly happier on average than adults who have children.

Answer 1

I would vote for no systematic relationship.

Answer 2

Becoming a parent is associated with an initial increase in happiness followed by a decrease in happiness back to, or sometimes dipping below, pre-parenthood happiness levels.

Answer 3

Becoming a parent is associated with an initial increase in happiness followed by a decrease in happiness back to, or sometimes dipping below, pre-parenthood happiness levels.

Answer 4

Becoming a parent is associated with an initial increase in happiness followed by a decrease in happiness back to, or sometimes dipping below, pre-parenthood happiness levels