Here are the answers to your questions:
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Who is often referred to as the father of modern astronomy?
- Galileo
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What was one of Galileo’s biggest achievements?
- Discovery of the phases of Venus
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What were the four “stars” that Galileo observed orbiting Jupiter?
- Moons
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Other than the Sun and Moon, what is the brightest celestial object in the sky?
- Venus
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What is another name used for Venus?
- The evening star
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Why does the crescent view of Venus look larger to the naked eye?
- Because Venus is closer to Earth
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Who built the first unified model of how the universe works?
- Newton
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When did Newton publish his findings on the principles of motion that make flight possible?
- 1687
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What is Newton’s first law of motion?
- An object will remain at rest unless compelled to change by action or external force
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What is another name for the concept stated in Newton’s first law of motion?
- Inertia
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What is Newton’s second law of motion?
- An object is directly related to the magnitude of force applied to the object
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What is another name for the concept stated in Newton’s second law of motion?
- Force
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What is the calculation for force?
- F = ma
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What is Newton’s third law of motion?
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
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What is Newton’s law of gravity?
- d. Every object in the universe attracts another object
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What force keeps humans from floating off into outer space?
- Gravitational force
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What explains why objects speed up when falling?
- Gravity
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Which of the following has an effect on gravitational force?
- Mass of the object
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Whose work did Newton’s Laws of Motion and Law of Gravity build upon?
- Galileo
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What happens to mass as an object approaches the speed of light?
- It increases
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What event confirmed Einstein’s equation E=mc² in 1945?
- The first explosion of a nuclear bomb
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What did Einstein predict would be affected by gravity?
- Light from the stars
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How did Einstein view the universe?
- d. A free-falling object where gravity and acceleration are equal
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What does the principle of equivalence state?
- Acceleration equals gravity
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When did Sir Eddington prove Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity?
- 1919
Feel free to ask if you need further clarifications or additional information!