Here are the answers to your questions:
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Heat and sunshine is common in the Mediterranean region.
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mountain ranges. (The Northern European Lowlands primarily consist of flat land and do not contain significant mountain ranges.)
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Western culture is linked to modernization and individualism while Eastern culture is seen as more traditional and collectivist.
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Greek philosophy, Roman law, and the Judeo-Christian tradition.
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to help foster peace and economic collaboration among European nations.
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covert hostility between Western democratic nations and Eastern communist nations.
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promote competition, which would lower prices and improve consumer power.
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The Sahara extends into southern Africa. (While it spans a large area of Northern Africa, it does not typically reach into southern Africa significantly. The largest desert on the globe is Antarctica.)
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Nile River. (The Nile is traditionally considered the longest river in the world, although some arguments exist about the Amazon River's length.)
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Endemic. (This term refers to a species that is only found in a specific region.)
Feel free to ask if you have more questions!