1. Which of the following explains why Korea and Vietnam were viewed as shatterbelts during the Cold War?

Question

(A) Korea and Vietnam were politically controlled by regional powers.
(B) Korea and Vietnam kept two political adversaries geographically separated.
(C) Korea and Vietnam fragmented into new states due to internal tensions.
(D) Korea and Vietnam tried to control land and sea areas around their states.
(E) Korea and Vietnam experienced conflict due to a dispute between global powers.
2.

The map above shows the countries in Africa where private investors and foreign governments have leased
farmland for large-scale commercial farming. Usually much of the food produced is bound for wealthier nations.
This practice is an example of
(A) decolonization
(B) Pan-Africanism
(C) neocolonialism
(D) imperialism
(E) irredentism
3. Some territories within the Russian Federation are characterized by concentrated populations of ethnic groups and
these areas function as autonomous republics. Which of the following best explains the political relationship
between the autonomous republics and the central government of Russia?

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Test Booklet

DOL 4.4- Geopolitics & Power

AP Human Geography Page 1 of 2

(A) The central government of Russia exerts complete control over the autonomous republics to counteract
devolutionary pressures.
(B) The autonomous republics are able to function independently from the central government because of an
abundance of natural resources.
(C) Russia is a multistate nation characterized by contested regional boundaries.
(D) The autonomous republics provide ethnic groups with some political control over their homelands while
preserving Russia’s territorial integrity.
(E) Russia is a unitary state characterized by many ethnic groups united within a single country.

Answer 1

1. The correct answer is: (E) Korea and Vietnam experienced conflict due to a dispute between global powers.
   Korea and Vietnam were viewed as shatterbelts during the Cold War because they were battlegrounds for the conflicting interests of global powers like the United States and the Soviet Union, resulting in internal strife influenced by these broader geopolitical conflicts.

2. The correct answer is: (C) neocolonialism.
   The leasing of farmland in Africa by private investors and foreign governments for large-scale commercial farming that primarily serves the needs of wealthier nations exemplifies neocolonialism, where the influence of foreign entities persists in a form of economic control over local resources.

3. The correct answer is: (D) The autonomous republics provide ethnic groups with some political control over their homelands while preserving Russia’s territorial integrity.
   This option best describes the situation, as the autonomous republics have a degree of political autonomy to accommodate the ethnic groups within them, while the central government retains overall control to maintain national unity.