1) What would be the preferred heating device (s) in each of the following situations?

Question

a) reflux a solvent with a 56 degree Celsius boiling point
b) reflux a solvent with a 110 degree Celsius boiling point
c) distillation of a substance that boils at 220 degree Celsius

3) What type of bath would you use to get a temperature of -10 degree Celsius?

5) Criticize the following techniques
a) Refluxing a mixture that contains diethyl ether using a Bunsen burner
b) Refluxing a mixture that contains a large amount of toluene using a hot-water bath
c) Refluxing a mixture using the apparatus shown in Figure 6.6, but with an unclamped thermometer
d) Using a mercury thermometer that is inserted into an aluminum block on a hate plate
e) Running a reaction with tert-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol) that is cooled to 0 degree Celsius in an ice bath

Answer 1

What kind of heating devices do you have? Write them down. Place to the right of the unit the temperatures available with them. Then match these to boiling point, reflux temperature, flammability, etc of each of your questions. For example, you don't want to heat diethyl ether with a bunsen burner because the vapors burn easily and an explosion/fire is possible. Many a student has been burned badly in a lab when heating ether with an open flame.

Answer 2

what is wrong with running a reaction with the tert-butyl alcohol that is cooled to 0 degree Celsius in an ice bath?