Here are the answers to the questions based on an understanding of American history:
#1 Can a state overturn a federal law?
#2 Henry Clay proposed a compromise tariff that eventually eased tensions.
#3 Adams supported efforts to promote the growth of businesses, while Jackson supported efforts to help the ordinary man.
#4 Some settlers loaded their animals and wagons on flatboats to float down rivers.
#5 Some felt he had used his power inappropriately in vetoing legislation to recharter the Bank.
#6 Manifest Destiny
#7 Pioneers carried all their possessions on long and dangerous trails.
#8 It ignored that fact that Native American lands were sovereign and not technically part of the United States.
#9
It inspired Texans to fight the Mexicans for their independence.
It encouraged Texans to plead with the United States for support.
#10 John C. Calhoun
#11 The slave population roughly doubled as several new slave states were admitted to the Union.
#12 It intensified the debate over the expansion of slavery.
Feel free to ask if you need further explanations or clarifications on any of the answers!