1. What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

Question

2. What is ATP and ADP? How do they release energy?
3. What makes viruses, such as the common cold, difficult to cure?
4. What are the similarities and differences between viruses and bacteria? Is a virus a living thing? Why or why not?
5. How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together?
6. When can the heartbeat of a developing human be heard with a stethoscope?
7. What are the main stages of human development (in order?)
8. What happens during alternation of generations in plants?
1 sentence each!

Answer 1

1. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells have flexible membranes and lack chloroplasts.
2. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is formed when ATP loses a phosphate group, releasing energy for cellular processes.
3. Viruses, like the common cold, have high mutation rates and can evade the immune system, making them difficult to cure with antiviral treatments.
4. Viruses are acellular and require a host to replicate, while bacteria are unicellular organisms capable of independent life; viruses are generally considered non-living because they cannot reproduce or carry out metabolic processes on their own.
5. The circulatory system transports oxygenated blood to cells, while the respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide, working together to deliver oxygen and remove waste gases.
6. The heartbeat of a developing human can typically be heard with a stethoscope around 10-12 weeks of gestation.
7. The main stages of human development, in order, are: zygote, embryo, fetus, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
8. During alternation of generations in plants, a diploid sporophyte generation produces haploid spores via meiosis, which develop into a haploid gametophyte generation that produces gametes through mitosis, leading to fertilization and the formation of a new sporophyte.