1. The work is too difficult to do.

2. The work is so difficult that I cannot do it.

(Does #1 mean #2? Are both the same?)

3. Mother Teresa......

(Why do you use 'Mother' before Teresa, the famous nun who passed away?)

4. I hope to be a scientise.
5. I hope that I will be a scientist.

(Can #4 be changed into #5? Are both the same?)

6. I am so glad to see you.
7. I am so glad that I see you.
(Are both the same? Are they interchangable?

8. He has two sons wearing white shirts.

9. He has two sons who are wearing white shirts.

10. He has two sons who wear white shirts.

(Are #8,9,and 10 the same?)

11. Do you know why to go abroad?
12. Do you know why you should go abroad?

Does #12 mean #11? Can we say like (#11?)

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Would you like to answer my questions?

1 answer

1. The work is too difficult to do.
2. The work is so difficult that I cannot do it.

(Does #1 mean #2? Are both the same?)
Yes, they are different ways to say the same thing.

3. Mother Teresa......

(Why do you use 'Mother' before Teresa, the famous nun who passed away?)
"Mother" is a term used when speaking to or about a nun who has risen to certain status in the religious organization she's in. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa

4. I hope to be a scientise.
5. I hope that I will be a scientist.

(Can #4 be changed into #5? Are both the same?)
Both are the same; be sure to correct the spelling of "scientist" in #4.

6. I am so glad to see you.
7. I am so glad that I see you.
(Are both the same? Are they interchangable?
The first is fine and is what we normally say. The second is not used unless you're playing some kind of hide-and-seek game!

8. He has two sons wearing white shirts.

9. He has two sons who are wearing white shirts.

10. He has two sons who wear white shirts.

(Are #8,9,and 10 the same?)
Yes, they are basically the same; 8 and 9 are identical in meaning; 10 implies that they wear white shirts every day, no alternatives!

11. Do you know why to go abroad?
12. Do you know why you should go abroad?

Does #12 mean #11? Can we say like (#11?)
#12 is the correct one; #11 is not used.