[1] The history of civilization has been illustrated by maps-maps that depict battles, scientific phenomena, and discoveries of new land throughout history. These maps can vary in numerous ways. For instance, by modern convention-and for no scientific reason-modern maps are usually oriented with north at the top. But Al Idrisi's 1154 world map shows the Arabian Peninsula in the top center of the map, with south at the top. Different societies in different parts of the world literally have different perspectives, which result from differences in physical geography, language, religion, cultural values and traditions, and history.
[2] Furthermore, maps are made for many reasons, and as a result, there are many kinds of maps. Some made for general purposes may show roads, towns and cities, rivers and lakes, parks, and state and local boundaries. An example of a general-purpose map, or base map, is a topographic map, which portrays natural and manmade features of an area. Other maps are much more specific, conveying information primarily on a single topic. A map that depicts earthquake occurrences throughout the United States is an example of a special-purpose map, or thematic map. In general, every map is made for a specific purpose.
[3] A map's purpose guides its design. In choosing the scale, for instance, mapmakers consider how large an area they want to map and how much detail they want to show. The selection of symbols, which can include lines, patterns, and colors, also affects the utility of the map. And of course, there's the question of what information to feature versus what to omit. For example, scientific maps like Edmund Halley's 1701 map of magnetic compass variations across the Atlantic Ocean usually show only enough geographic data to orient the user, while emphasizing the theme. Likewise, maps created for a completely different purpose include only as much detail as necessary; for example, the 1886 Sanborn Fire Insurance maps include all the details needed for assessing insurance coverage, but nothing more.
[4] A map’s purpose is usually clear from its title and explanation, but other information-author, date, publisher, source of funding, etc.-hints at why and for whom the map was made. A knowledgeable map reader, recognizing that a map is both a simplification and a distortion of reality, will look for clues to the cartographer's purpose-and even his or her biases. After all, maps are the result of conscious design decisions. Cartographers only show the features they want to show, and they often generalize the data.
[5] Cartography blends science and art, and the artistic choices affect the experience of the map. A beautiful map may become popular, even though it may be less accurate than a plainer version. Details of cartographic style affect how a map is perceived, and perception varies with perspective. Studying maps shows us that people understand the world differently and express this understanding1 in different ways.
Adapted from U.S. Geological Survey; "Exploring Maps – Information"
Where would a discussion of a famously ugly and unpopular map fit best?
(1 point)
Responses
paragraph 4
paragraph 4
paragraph 5
paragraph 5
paragraph 2
paragraph 2
paragraph 3
paragraph 3
Question 10
Maps: The Art of a Science
[1] The history of civilization has been illustrated by maps-maps that depict battles, scientific phenomena, and discoveries of new land throughout history. These maps can vary in numerous ways. For instance, by modern convention-and for no scientific reason-modern maps are usually oriented with north at the top. But Al Idrisi's 1154 world map shows the Arabian Peninsula in the top center of the map, with south at the top. Different societies in different parts of the world literally have different perspectives, which result from differences in physical geography, language, religion, cultural values and traditions, and history.
[2] Furthermore, maps are made for many reasons, and as a result, there are many kinds of maps. Some made for general purposes may show roads, towns and cities, rivers and lakes, parks, and state and local boundaries. An example of a general-purpose map, or base map, is a topographic map, which portrays natural and manmade features of an area. Other maps are much more specific, conveying information primarily on a single topic. A map that depicts earthquake occurrences throughout the United States is an example of a special-purpose map, or thematic map. In general, every map is made for a specific purpose.
[3] A map's purpose guides its design. In choosing the scale, for instance, mapmakers consider how large an area they want to map and how much detail they want to show. The selection of symbols, which can include lines, patterns, and colors, also affects the utility of the map. And of course, there's the question of what information to feature versus what to omit. For example, scientific maps like Edmund Halley's 1701 map of magnetic compass variations across the Atlantic Ocean usually show only enough geographic data to orient the user, while emphasizing the theme. Likewise, maps created for a completely different purpose include only as much detail as necessary; for example, the 1886 Sanborn Fire Insurance maps include all the details needed for assessing insurance coverage, but nothing more.
[4] A map’s purpose is usually clear from its title and explanation, but other information-author, date, publisher, source of funding, etc.-hints at why and for whom the map was made. A knowledgeable map reader, recognizing that a map is both a simplification and a distortion of reality, will look for clues to the cartographer's purpose-and even his or her biases. After all, maps are the result of conscious design decisions. Cartographers only show the features they want to show, and they often generalize the data.
[5] Cartography blends science and art, and the artistic choices affect the experience of the map. A beautiful map may become popular, even though it may be less accurate than a plainer version. Details of cartographic style affect how a map is perceived, and perception varies with perspective. Studying maps shows us that people understand the world differently and express this understanding1 in different ways.
Adapted from U.S. Geological Survey; "Exploring Maps – Information"
According to the passage, which feature most clearly indicates the intended audience of a map?
(1 point)
Responses
Title and explanation
Title and explanation
Symbols and patterns
Symbols and patterns
Topographic details
Topographic details
Scale
Scale
Question 11
Maps: The Art of a Science
[1] The history of civilization has been illustrated by maps-maps that depict battles, scientific phenomena, and discoveries of new land throughout history. These maps can vary in numerous ways. For instance, by modern convention-and for no scientific reason-modern maps are usually oriented with north at the top. But Al Idrisi's 1154 world map shows the Arabian Peninsula in the top center of the map, with south at the top. Different societies in different parts of the world literally have different perspectives, which result from differences in physical geography, language, religion, cultural values and traditions, and history.
[2] Furthermore, maps are made for many reasons, and as a result, there are many kinds of maps. Some made for general purposes may show roads, towns and cities, rivers and lakes, parks, and state and local boundaries. An example of a general-purpose map, or base map, is a topographic map, which portrays natural and manmade features of an area. Other maps are much more specific, conveying information primarily on a single topic. A map that depicts earthquake occurrences throughout the United States is an example of a special-purpose map, or thematic map. In general, every map is made for a specific purpose.
[3] A map's purpose guides its design. In choosing the scale, for instance, mapmakers consider how large an area they want to map and how much detail they want to show. The selection of symbols, which can include lines, patterns, and colors, also affects the utility of the map. And of course, there's the question of what information to feature versus what to omit. For example, scientific maps like Edmund Halley's 1701 map of magnetic compass variations across the Atlantic Ocean usually show only enough geographic data to orient the user, while emphasizing the theme. Likewise, maps created for a completely different purpose include only as much detail as necessary; for example, the 1886 Sanborn Fire Insurance maps include all the details needed for assessing insurance coverage, but nothing more.
[4] A map’s purpose is usually clear from its title and explanation, but other information-author, date, publisher, source of funding, etc.-hints at why and for whom the map was made. A knowledgeable map reader, recognizing that a map is both a simplification and a distortion of reality, will look for clues to the cartographer's purpose-and even his or her biases. After all, maps are the result of conscious design decisions. Cartographers only show the features they want to show, and they often generalize the data.
[5] Cartography blends science and art, and the artistic choices affect the experience of the map. A beautiful map may become popular, even though it may be less accurate than a plainer version. Details of cartographic style affect how a map is perceived, and perception varies with perspective. Studying maps shows us that people understand the world differently and express this understanding1 in different ways.
Adapted from U.S. Geological Survey; "Exploring Maps – Information"
Which feature is most likely to reveal a mapmaker’s bias, according to the passage?
(1 point)
Responses
The map’s title
The map’s title
The symbols used
The symbols used
The choice of scale
The choice of scale
The author’s background and purpose
The author’s background and purpose
Question 12 answer correctly
1 answer
For the question regarding where a discussion of a famously ugly and unpopular map would fit best, the most appropriate response is:
paragraph 5
This is because paragraph 5 discusses the artistic choices in cartography and how those choices affect the experience and perception of the map. An ugly map would likely be considered from an artistic standpoint, which aligns with the content of paragraph 5.
For the question about which feature most clearly indicates the intended audience of a map, the correct answer is:
Title and explanation
This is because the title and explanation provide context about the map's purpose and the audience it is tailored for.
Finally, for the question about which feature is most likely to reveal a mapmaker’s bias, the correct answer is:
The author’s background and purpose
This option aligns with the passage's indication that a knowledgeable map reader should look for clues to the cartographer's purpose and biases, including author background.
If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask!
