1. The best thing (that/which) I've learned this year was something about myself.

(Which one was missing in the parentheses, that or which? Are both expressions can be used?)

2. The best thing I've learned this year is the Korean language.

( I've leanred the Korean language this year. I know Korean. This is the best thing. { I explained #2 like this. Is it correct? I want to know about the meaning of 'the present perfect' in Sentence 2.}

1 answer

1. "that" is better, but frankly I'd leave it out entirely!

2. Yes, this is correct.

The present perfect has the helping verbs "have" or "has" and indicates that the action (in this case, "learned") started in the past and continues into the present.
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.html