1. Two differences between glycolysis and Krebs cycle are as follows:
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas the Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria.
- Glycolysis breaks down glucose molecules to pyruvate, while the Krebs cycle further breaks down pyruvate to produce energy in the form of ATP through a series of reactions.
2. Respiration and photosynthesis are two processes that are related to energy production in living cells. However, they differ in a few ways, which are as follows:
- Respiration occurs in all living cells, whereas photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophic organisms.
- Respiration releases energy stored in organic molecules in the form of ATP, whereas photosynthesis uses energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
3. Two situations where the rate of respiration rises above normal temperature are:
- During physical exercise or activity, when the body requires more energy to sustain muscle movement.
- During high fever or infection, when the body's metabolic rate increases to fight off the illness.
4. The definitions of the following terms are as follows:
i) Oxygen debt: The amount of oxygen that must be consumed after physical exertion to restore the body's metabolic processes back to normal levels and eliminate the accumulated lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration.
ii) Respiratory quotient: The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed during respiration, indicating the type of metabolism (anaerobic or aerobic) or the type of nutrient (carbohydrate, fat, or protein) being used for energy production.
5. Two applications of anaerobic respiration are:
- In the food industry, where anaerobic fermentation is used to produce yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, and other food products.
- In the medical field, where anaerobic metabolism can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect certain infections or metabolic disorders.
6. Two differences between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism are:
- Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen as a reactant, while anaerobic metabolism does not.
- Aerobic metabolism produces a much larger amount of ATP than anaerobic metabolism (around 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule for aerobic, and only 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule for anaerobic).
7. The descriptions of the Krebs cycle and glycolysis are as follows:
i) Krebs cycle: A series of biochemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, where pyruvate molecules produced from glycolysis are further broken down to generate multiple ATP molecules. The Krebs cycle involves a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps, producing electron carriers such as NADH and FADH2 that supply electrons to the electron transport chain for further ATP synthesis.
ii) Glycolysis: The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process. It is the first step of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and can occur in the absence of oxygen for short periods of time. Glycolysis involves a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, including phosphorylation, isomerization, and cleavage of glucose molecules.
1.state two difference between glycolysis and krebs cycle
2. Compare between respiration and photosynthesis
3. State two situations where the rate of respiration rises above normal temperature
4. Define the following terms
i) oxygen debt
ii) respirator quotient
5. Two applications of anaerobic respiration
6. State two differences between aerobic and anaerobic
7. Describe the
I) krebs cycle
ii) glycolysis
1 answer