To find the translations and transformations of the function \( f(x) = x^2 \), we can apply the following rules:
-
Translation:
- A translation \( h \) units to the left is achieved by replacing \( x \) with \( x + h \).
- A translation \( h \) units to the right is achieved by replacing \( x \) with \( x - h \).
- A translation \( k \) units up is achieved by adding \( k \) to the function.
- A translation \( k \) units down is achieved by subtracting \( k \) from the function.
-
Reflection:
- A reflection across the x-axis is achieved by multiplying the entire function by -1.
Now, let's solve each of the problems one by one.
1. Translation 4 Units Left of \( f(x) = x^2 \)
To translate 4 units left: \[ g(x) = (x + 4)^2 \]
2. Translation 5 Units Up of \( f(x) = x^2 \)
To translate 5 units up: \[ g(x) = x^2 + 5 \]
3. Reflection Across the x-axis of \( f(x) = x^2 \)
To reflect across the x-axis: \[ g(x) = -x^2 \]
4. Translation 2 Units Right and 1 Unit Down of \( f(x) = x^2 \)
For a 2 units right translation and then 1 unit down: \[ g(x) = (x - 2)^2 - 1 \]
Summary of the Answers
- \( g(x) = (x + 4)^2 \)
- \( g(x) = x^2 + 5 \)
- \( g(x) = -x^2 \)
- \( g(x) = (x - 2)^2 - 1 \)