1. Look at the microscope image of cheek cells below.

Question

Identify which letter represents the area where DNA is stored. (1 point)
a. W
b. X
c. Y
d. Z

2. If a cell has a large number of chloroplasts present, what is the most likely function of that cell? (1 point)
a. photosynthesis
b. fermentation
c. transpiration
d. respiration

3. Which of these is a characteristic of body cells that require large amounts of energy? (1 point)
a. They have a supplementary Y chromosome.
b. They have a two-layer membrane.
c. They have a storage area for albumin proteins.
d. They have a large number of mitochondria.

4. The entire structure above is a (1 point)
a. Helper T cell
b. bacteria
c. virus
d. cell

5. The diagram above represents two cells, X and Y. Which statement is correct concerning Cell X? (1 point)
• It does not have a nucleus.
• It obtains its energy through cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
• It has an organelle that undergoes photosynthesis.
• It is a plant cell.

6. Which diagram above shows cancer cells? (1 point)
a. A
b. B
c. A & B
d. Neither

7. Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply? (1 point)
a. Chloroplasts from a host cell
b. New ADP from a host cell
c. A host cell to provide oxygen for the virus
d. A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA

8. Which of the following is the equation for photosynthesis? (1 point)
a. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 6 O2 + 6 ATP
b. 6 CO2 + 6 ADP + light → 6 O2 + 6 H2O
c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 6 C6H12O6
d. 6 C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + ATP → 6 O2 + 6 CO2

9. Which statement best describes viral reproduction? (1 point)
a. Viruses may contain DNA or RNA.
b. Viral nucleic acid is inserted into a host cell where it may replicate immediately or become dormant until a later time.
c. Viruses reproduce independent of cell based organisms.
d. The lysogenic phase of viral replication causes cell death while the lytic phase of viral replication results in prophage formation.

10. Which of the following is the equation for cellular respiration? (1 point)
a. 6 CO2 + 6 ADP + light → 6 O2 + 6 H2O
b. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 6 O2 + 6 ATP
c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 6 C6H12O6
d. 6 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + ATP

11. Which of the cells characterized in the chart above is a plant cell? (1 point)
a. D
b. A
c. C
d. B

12. Which of the following statements describes active transport?(1 point)
• Movement of a specific substance across a membrane.
• [Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient. D]
• Spontaneous movement of a substance through a semipermeable membrane.
• Net movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

13. Which of the following describes how lysogenic viruses are different from lytic viruses.(1 point)
a. Lysogenic viruses are cellular and lytic viruses are not.
b. Lysogenic viruses are made of DNA. Lytic viruses are made of RNA.
c. Lysogenic viruses only infect plant cells and lytic viruses only infect animal cells.
d. Lysogenic viruses do not cause the host cell to burst right away and lytic virsuses do immediately cause the host cell to burst.

14. Consider the cell cycle shown below. A cell will stop dividing and go into G0, the resting phase, if it receives the proper signal at the G1 checkpoint.

What would happen if the G1 checkpoint regulation failed? (1 point)
a. The cell would continue in the cycle and divide uncontrollably, which may lead to cancer.
b. The cell would enter into G0, the resting phase.
c. The checkpoint is not important, the cell would go on to the next phase.
d. The cell would remain in G1 and continue to grow.

A student observed cells of a familiar species under a microscope. Analyze the observations the student recorded in the chart below.
1.Ribosomes are present.
2. Genetic material is present.
3. No membrane bound organelles.
4. Cell wall is present.

15. Which of the following observations supports the student’s conclusion that the species is a prokaryote? (1 point)
a. Observation 1
b. Observation 2
c. Observation 3
d. Observation 4

17. What is the process by which cells undergo programmed cell death, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing the increase of damaged cells? (1 point)
a. Mitosis
b. Apoptosis
c. Meiosis
d. Replication

18. Read all of the following statements. Mark all that are true. (1 point)
Responses
• Plant cells do not have a Golgi Apparatus
• Arteries are vessels that carry unoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• In cancer cells, checkpoints are ignored and the cell continues to divide.
• Viruses reproduce and evolve, just like bacteria.

Answer 1

1. c. Y
2. a. photosynthesis
3. d. They have a large number of mitochondria.
4. d. cell
5. It has an organelle that undergoes photosynthesis.
6. d. Neither
7. d. A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA
8. c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 6 C6H12O6
9. b. Viral nucleic acid is inserted into a host cell where it may replicate immediately or become dormant until a later time.
10. d. 6 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + ATP
11. b. A
12. b. Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient.
13. d. Lysogenic viruses do not cause the host cell to burst right away and lytic viruses do immediately cause the host cell to burst.
14. a. The cell would continue in the cycle and divide uncontrollably, which may lead to cancer.
15. c. Observation 3
17. b. Apoptosis
18. In cancer cells, checkpoints are ignored and the cell continues to divide.
Viruses reproduce and evolve, just like bacteria.