1. Principles of Professional Ethics Code of Conduct with Respect to Computing Technology
- Public Interest: Computing professionals should prioritize the public good and contribute to society's welfare.
- Integrity: Professionals must be honest and truthful in all professional engagements.
- Privacy and Confidentiality: Respecting and protecting individuals' privacy and confidentiality is paramount.
- Professional Competence: Ongoing education and training are necessary to maintain and increase professional capabilities.
- Responsibility: Professionals should take responsibility for their work and the impact it may have on society and the environment.
- Avoiding Harm: Minimize potential harm to users and society at large when developing or using computing technology.
2. Code of Conduct and Professional Ethics in Organizations
In my organization, the following principles are commonly adhered to:
- Confidentiality: Ensuring that sensitive information is protected and disclosed only with authorized consent.
- Data Integrity: Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data through rigorous validation processes.
- Fairness and Non-Discrimination: Treating all users and stakeholders fairly without prejudice to race, gender, disability, or any other characteristic.
- Accountability: Accepting responsibility for actions concerning technology deployment and usage.
- Compliance with Laws and Regulations: Adhering to relevant laws, regulations, and organizational policies governing technology use.
3. Liberty Limiting Principles in Professionalism
Liberty limiting principles refer to justifiable restrictions on individual freedoms in certain contexts:
- Harm Principle: Limiting freedom to prevent harm to others.
- Paternalism Principle: Limiting autonomy to protect individuals from self-harm.
- Offense Principle: Restricting behavior that significantly offends others.
- Legal Moralism: Limiting freedom based on moral judgments endorsed by law.
4. Define Intellectual Property (IP)
Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, including inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, and images used in commerce. IP laws protect these creations, allowing creators to benefit from their labor and investment.
5. Different Forms of IP Rights
- Copyright: Protects original works of authorship, such as literature, music, and art, against unauthorized use.
- Trademarks: Protects symbols, names, and slogans used to identify goods or services to distinguish them from others.
- Patents: Grants exclusive rights to inventors for their inventions or processes for a limited period, typically 20 years.
- Trade Secrets: Protects confidential business information that provides a competitive edge, such as formulas, practices, and processes.
6. What is Reliability?
Reliability refers to the ability of a system or component to consistently perform its intended function without failure. In computing, it indicates the likelihood that a system operates correctly and efficiently without downtimes or errors.
7. Model for Software Risk Management
The model of software risk management typically includes:
- Risk Identification: Recognizing potential risks that may affect the software project.
- Risk Analysis: Assessing the impact and likelihood of identified risks.
- Risk Prioritization: Ranking risks based on their potential impact on the project.
- Risk Mitigation: Developing strategies to minimize or eliminate identified risks.
- Risk Monitoring: Continuously observing risk factors throughout the software lifecycle to ensure timely response to new risks.
8. Purpose of the Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR)
CPSR was established to advocate for socially responsible computing practices and to address ethical issues in the development and use of computer technology. Their goal is to highlight the possible negative societal impacts of technology, promote responsible practices among computing professionals, and engage in public policy discussions concerning technology's role in society.
9. Methods to Make a System More Reliable
- Redundancy: Implementing duplicate components or systems to take over in case of failure.
- Error Detection and Correction: Utilizing algorithms to identify and rectify errors in data processing.
- Regular Maintenance: Conducting ongoing updates and checks to ensure system performance aligns with standards.
- Testing and Quality Assurance: Performing rigorous testing during development to identify potential failures.
- Failover Mechanisms: Creating backup systems that can take over automatically when primary systems fail.
10. Social Issues in Computing
- Privacy Concerns: Managing user data and safeguarding personal information.
- Cyberbullying: The impact of online harassment among users, particularly among youth.
- Digital Divide: The gap between individuals who have access to technology and those who do not.
- Data Security: Protecting data against breaches or unauthorized access.
- Intellectual Property Theft: Issues surrounding the unauthorized use of creative works and inventions.
11. Types of Computer Crime
- Hacking: Unauthorized access to computer systems or networks.
- Phishing: Deceptive attempts to acquire sensitive personal information.
- Malware Distribution: Spreading malicious software to harm systems or steal information.
- Identity Theft: Illegally obtaining and using someone else's personal information.
- Cyberstalking: Using electronic communication to stalk or harass an individual.
12. Explain Cyber Terrorism
Cyber terrorism refers to politically motivated attacks targeting computer systems, networks, and information resources. It aims to cause disruption, instill fear, or provoke government response, often executed by individuals or groups with ideological motives. Examples include attacks on critical infrastructure, such as power grids, hospitals, and transportation systems.
13. Explain Identity Theft
Identity theft is the unauthorized acquisition and misuse of someone’s personal identifying information, such as Social Security numbers, credit card details, and bank account information. This crime can lead to financial loss, tarnished credit ratings, and other personal and legal repercussions for victims. The methods of theft can include phishing scams, data breaches, and stealing physical identification documents.
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