1. Isolation of aniline by steam distillation.
(a) Why is NaOH added before performing thedistillation?
(b) Suggest a reason for the milky appearance of the distillate and
for the change in appearance upon addition of HCl.
After having isolated the reduction product, aniline, a reaction is performed using acetic anhydride in which a precipitate is formed.
(c) What is this precipitate?
(d) Why does precipitation occur as the reaction progresses?
1(a). A strong base, such as NaOH, always drives a weaker base, in this case, aniline, out.
1(b) Probably because the aniline has been steamed out and doesn't dissolve in the water. It goes away with HCl because aniline is a base and the addition of HCl forms the hydrochloride of aniline.
I don't know what acetic anhydride does. Get other sources for the above answers, too, and check them out. I'm not an organic chemist.
a) because a neutral compound is needed to obtian free aniline.
b)the milkly appearance is traces of water in the insoluble oil of nitrobenzene added to more water which makes small granules that cause a milky appearance.
c)think its acetanilide
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