1. in galvanic cell, in what direction do positive ion migrate to maintain a neutral charge in the half- cells?

Question

2. in galvanic cell, in what direction do negative ion migrate to maintain a neutral charge in the half- cells?

Answer 1

Say you have a galvanic cell of Zn in Zn^2+ as the anode and Cu in Cu^2+ as the cathode. The Zn metal goes into solution which give an excess of + charges so negatives must migrate to the anode. At the Cu electrode, Cu^2+ are going out of solution to deposit Cu metal at the electrode and you are using up + charges. So + charge must migrate to the cathode.