Question

1 Identify and discuss feed resources available in Ethiopia for dairy cows
2 Explain the methods of feeding calves, heifers and milking cows.
3 Explain the factors to be considered during Establishing dairy farm
4 Write farmstead structure of dairy farm and necessary equipment for dairy farm

Answer 1

1. Feed resources available in Ethiopia for dairy cows include:
- Natural pastures and forages such as grasses, legumes, and browse plants
- Crop residues like maize stover, wheat straw, and teff straw
- Fodder crops such as Napier grass, sorghum, and Sudan grass
- Concentrates like grains, oilseed cakes, and commercial feed supplements

2. Methods of feeding calves, heifers, and milking cows:
- Calves: Calves are typically fed colostrum for the first few days of life, then transitioned to milk or milk replacer. They may also be given access to starter feed and hay.
- Heifers: Heifers are usually fed a balanced diet that includes forages, grains, and mineral supplements to support growth and development. They may also be given access to pasture.
- Milking cows: Milking cows require a diet high in energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals to support milk production. This usually includes a combination of forages, concentrates, and supplementary feed.

3. Factors to consider when establishing a dairy farm:
- Location: Choose a location with access to good quality water, feed resources, and market opportunities.
- Housing and facilities: Ensure that the farm has suitable housing for cows, including shelters, milking parlors, and storage facilities.
- Breed selection: Choose dairy cattle breeds that are well-suited to the local climate and have high milk production potential.
- Feeding and nutrition: Develop a balanced feeding program that meets the nutritional needs of the cows at different stages of production.
- Health and disease management: Implement a comprehensive health program to prevent and control diseases, including vaccinations, parasite control, and regular health checks.

4. Farmstead structure of a dairy farm and necessary equipment:
- Housing: Includes barns or sheds for cows, heifers, and calves, as well as a milking parlor and feed storage facilities.
- Fencing: To divide pastures and paddocks, and separate different groups of cows.
- Water supply: Ensure access to clean and fresh water for all animals.
- Milking equipment: Includes milkers, milk storage tanks, and cleaning equipment.
- Feeding equipment: Such as feed troughs, hay racks, and silage bunkers.
- Manure management: Facilities for storing and disposing of manure, such as compost piles or manure storage tanks.