1. how does a land covered in ice affect climate? why?

Answer 1

The ground is always at 0 degrees C or below which makes the air cold above it. (Of course it is the cold air which keeps the ice frozen)
There is not much water evaporated from the ice so there is little water vapor rising into the air from the ground. Unless there is water vapor blown in from elsewhere by wind, the air will be very dry (a cold desert like Antarctica). If there is a warm ocean upwind, the air will be moist and a lot of snow will fall (like Greenland).

Answer 2

grassland