1)Explain why its not advisable to be in a poorly ventilated room with a burning charcoal jiko

Question

2)State 2 adaptations of aerenchyma tissue to its function
3)State two similarities between members of class aves and class reptile
4)Name the causative agent of the following diseases in humans;
a)Typhoid
b)Amoebic dysentery
5)Name the hormone responsible for;
a)Conversion of glycogen to glucose
b)Regulation of the amount of water in mammalian blood
6)(a)What is the function of co-factors in cell metabolism
b)Give one example of a metallic co-factor
7)(a)In which two ways are chloroplast and mitochondria similar
b)Where in the chloroplast does each of the following processes occur;
i)Photolysis
ii)Carbon(iv) oxide fixation
8)Name two mineral elements necessary in the synthesis of chlorophyll
9)What two ideas are proposed by Lamarck's theory of evolution
10)Name 3 sources of water for our bodies' use

Answer 1

Certainly! Here are the responses to your questions:

1. Poorly Ventilated Room with a Burning Charcoal Jiko: It’s not advisable to be in a poorly ventilated room with a burning charcoal jiko because burning charcoal produces carbon monoxide (CO), a colorless, odorless gas that can be lethal. Inadequate ventilation can lead to the accumulation of carbon monoxide, which can cause symptoms like headache, dizziness, confusion, and potentially death due to asphyxiation. Proper ventilation is crucial to disperse harmful gases and ensure a supply of fresh air.

2. Adaptations of Aerenchyma Tissue:

   • Air Spaces: Aerenchyma tissue has large air-filled spaces that facilitate buoyancy and gas exchange, allowing plants to float and exchange gases more efficiently in aquatic environments.
   • Reduced Cell Wall Thickness: The cell walls in aerenchyma tissue are thinner than those in normal parenchyma, which helps in increasing the volume of air spaces and enhancing gas exchange.

3. Similarities between Class Aves and Class Reptilia:

   • Scales and Feathers: Birds (class Aves) have feathers, which are modified scales, while reptiles (class Reptilia) have scales. Both groups have integuments that provide protection and insulation.
   • Egg-Laying: Both classes lay eggs. The eggs of reptiles have a leathery shell, whereas bird eggs have a hard shell, but both types of eggs provide protection to the developing embryo.

4. Causative Agents: a) Typhoid: The causative agent is Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. b) Amoebic Dysentery: The causative agent is Entamoeba histolytica.

5. Hormones: a) Conversion of Glycogen to Glucose: The hormone responsible is Glucagon. b) Regulation of Water in Mammalian Blood: The hormone responsible is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.

6. (a) Function of Co-factors in Cell Metabolism: Co-factors assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions by enhancing the enzyme's activity or allowing the necessary chemical reactions to proceed. They can be metal ions or organic molecules that are essential for the function of the enzymes.

   (b) Example of a Metallic Co-factor: An example of a metallic co-factor is Zinc (Zn).

7. (a) Similarities between Chloroplasts and Mitochondria:

   • Both organelles have a double membrane structure.
   • Both contain their own DNA and ribosomes, indicating they can synthesize some of their own proteins independently.

   (b) Processes in Chloroplast: i) Photolysis occurs in the thylakoid membranes. ii) Carbon (IV) oxide fixation occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

8. Mineral Elements Necessary for Chlorophyll Synthesis:

   • Magnesium (Mg)
   • Iron (Fe)

9. Lamarck's Theory of Evolution Proposals:

   • Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: Lamarck proposed that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring.
   • Use and Disuse: He suggested that body parts that are used extensively become stronger and larger, while those that are not used deteriorate.

10. Sources of Water for Our Bodies:

• Drinking Water: Water consumed from beverages.
• Food: Water content in food items such as fruits and vegetables.
• Metabolic Water: Water produced during metabolic processes, such as cellular respiration.

Feel free to ask if you have further questions or need additional clarification!