1) Direct rule in Zimbabwe, which occurred during colonization, had several effects on the country. One major effect was the displacement and dispossession of the indigenous population. European settlers took control of land and resources, leading to forced removals and loss of livelihood for many Zimbabweans. Additionally, direct rule brought about a reorganization of society and political power. Indigenous systems of governance were replaced by a European political structure, and traditional leaders often lost their authority. This led to a breakdown of social harmony and increased conflict. Economic effects included the exploitation of resources for European benefit, such as minerals and agricultural products.
2) The Baganda, a precolonial ethnic group in Uganda, engaged in various economic activities. Three of these activities were farming, trade, and craftwork. Farming was a central activity for the Baganda, with crops such as bananas, millet, and sorghum being cultivated. Trade was also significant, with the Baganda participating in local and regional trade networks. They exchanged goods such as salt, iron, pottery, and livestock. Lastly, craftwork, especially pottery and weaving, provided additional economic opportunities for the Baganda.
3) In the 18th century, the social organization of the Asante Kingdom was highly hierarchical and centralized. At the top of the social pyramid was the Asantehene, the king of the Asante. Below him were the nobles and advisors, known as the Kumasihene and the Asantohene, who held significant political power. Beneath them were various chiefs, who governed different territories within the kingdom. These chiefs were responsible for maintaining order, collecting taxes, and providing military support to the Asantehene. At the bottom of the social structure were free commoners, followed by slaves who were considered the lowest class.
4) The church played several roles in promoting African nationalism in South Africa. Firstly, it acted as a platform for African leaders to organize and mobilize the masses. Churches provided spaces for meetings, discussions, and the dissemination of nationalist ideas. Secondly, the church contributed to the development of African identity and consciousness. It emphasized the importance of African culture, heritage, and self-determination. Thirdly, the church played a crucial role in education and intellectual development. Mission schools provided education for Africans, empowering them to challenge colonial narratives and advocate for social and political change. Additionally, the church served as a refuge and source of support for Africans who faced persecution and discrimination.
5) African nationalists in South Africa encountered several problems in their struggle against colonial rule and apartheid. Firstly, they faced state repression and violence. The colonial government and later the apartheid regime used brutal force to suppress nationalist activities, leading to arrests, torture, and killings. Secondly, nationalists struggled with internal divisions and ideological differences. Different factions and organizations held varying strategies and agendas, leading to conflicts and diminished effectiveness. Thirdly, economic challenges hindered nationalist movements, as they relied on limited financial resources and faced economic boycotts by the government. Fourthly, the lack of international support and solidarity posed a problem for African nationalists. Many countries, particularly Western powers, backed the apartheid government, undermining efforts for international intervention. Fifthly, censorship and limited access to media outlets made it difficult for nationalists to spread their message and garner public support. Lastly, cultural divisions and mistrust between different ethnic and racial groups within the African community also impeded unity and collective action.
1)Describe effects of direct rule in Zimbabwe
2)State three economic activities of the baganda during the precolonial period
3)Describe the social organization of Asante Kingdom in the 18th century
4)Identity three roles of the church in promoting Africa Nationalism in South Africa
5)Explain six problems encountered by African Nationalist in South Africa
1 answer