Question

1. Being ill, he played football.
2. Although he was ill, he played football.
( #1 is incorrect. #2 is right. We cannot change #2 into #1. Is that right? Where can we find the explanation about that?)

3. Being ill, he couldn't go to school.
4. Because he was ill, he couldn't go to school.
(#3 is right. #4 is right. #4 can be changed into #3. Is that right? Where <grammar book or grammar site> can I find the information about that? Thank you.)

Answer 1

2 is correct. 1 is ambiguous.

3 and 4 are interchangeable, yes.

These websites will help you find grammatical information (explanations and examples). For your current question, look up their information on participle phrases, especially introductory participle phrases.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/index2.htm

http://www.chompchomp.com/terms.htm